论文范文《日本茶文化评述》文必过

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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>摘要：日本茶文化，也有“茶道”之称。与中国茶文化类似，日本茶文化在品茶的基础之上而发展出来的特殊文化。时至今日，茶文化已经成为日本文化的组成部分，同时日本茶文化也形成了比较悠久的历史。日本茶文化长期处于融合、发展和嬗变的过程中，它逐渐演化成为一种文化艺术活动，对于陶冶人的心性和培养人的审美道德观念都发挥着重要作用。本文从日本茶文化的起源和发展历程出发，对日本茶文化进行评述。<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>日本与中国在地理位置上一衣带水，两国文化相互影响。在隋唐时期，中国国力强大，日本派赴留学生来中国学习。日本留学生学成归国之后，其不仅给日本带去了中国先进的科学技术，同时也将中国茶文化中的思想逐步融合了日本茶文化之中。此后，日本民众对于茶饮品情有独钟。中国的茶文化可谓是与儒家文化融为了一体，带有着深厚的传统文化印迹；日本的茶文化则更多地是与禅宗思想相挂靠，逐渐发展成为了日本国内的著名文化活动。随着日本茶文化的不断发展，现如今日本茶文化已经成为一种普遍的文化艺术活动，日本民众希望在品茶的过程中，寻求心性的历练成长和审美道德的提升。<o:p></o:p><h1 style=“text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;”><!–[if !supportLists]–>一、<!–[endif]–>日本茶文化的起源和发展<o:p></o:p></h1><h3 style=“text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;”><!–[if !supportLists]–>1. <!–[endif]–>日本茶文化的起源<o:p></o:p></h3><p class=“MsoNormal” align=“justify” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;
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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>就目前掌握的资料看来，古代的日本并不种植原生茶树，当时的日本百姓也没有饮茶的习惯。而日本百姓喝茶习惯与日本茶文化的形成，大约是在公元八世纪左右。据史书记载，当时日本派到中国（唐朝）的遣唐使将中国的茶文化与佛文化带入了日本。日本百姓至此开始对于茶这种饮品有了直观的认识，并效仿唐人逐渐形成了饮茶的习惯。因此可说，日本茶文化的真正发源地是中国。<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
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mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;”><!–[if !supportLists]–>2. <!–[endif]–>日本茶文化的发展<o:p></o:p></h3><p class=“MsoNormal” align=“justify” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;
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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>日本茶文化的发展历程与中国茶文化之间也有着十分紧密的联系。在两宋时期，中国的“禅茶文化”日趋成熟并在盛行于全国。这时，日本的许多有志于禅文化研究的“僧侣”开始频繁来中国（宋朝）取经，为日本“禅茶”文化的建立奠定了坚实基础。其中，名僧容西在中国“逗留”了二十余年，对于中国的“禅茶文化”有着全面、深刻的认识和见解，回到日本之后，其将自身关于中国“禅茶文化”的感悟跃然于之上，著述了《吃茶养生记》，为日本“禅茶文化”的建立和发展作出了重要贡献。<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>在明清时期，受到中国佛教文化禅宗教义与“禅茶一味”观念的影响，日本开始出现了一种全新的茶道文化——草庵茶。草庵茶是日本茶文化上浓墨重彩而闪耀辉煌的一笔，其标志着日本茶文化由单纯的饮茶、品茶艺术上升到“禅茶精神”的高度。在日本茶文化发展的过程中，不得不提到一位茶道文化的集大成者千利休，千利休有着“日本茶道大师”的称号，其对于日本茶文化发展的贡献主要在于：将中国佛教文化中的禅宗思想引入至日本茶道文化之中，率先提出了日本茶道文化中的重要理论——四规。所谓“四规”，其分别是“和、敬、清、寂”，代表着不同的含义。“和敬”寓意社会和谐安定、人与人之间相互平等、尊重；“清寂”则是对于饮茶环境的规定，饮茶的环境应当清幽、雅静，这暗喻饮茶者自身应当“清心寡欲、洁身自好”。<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
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line-height:150%;”>二、日本茶文化的形式与内涵<o:p></o:p><h3 style=“text-indent:24.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;
line-height:150%;”>1. 日本茶文化的物质载体<o:p></o:p></h3><p class=“MsoNormal” align=“justify” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;
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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>对于日本而言，最初其对于茶具并不十分重视。随着中国茶文化与日本本土文化的不断交叉、融合，和氏茶具受到人们的喜爱和重视，且在日本的各种茶会中备受推崇。日本的茶建筑与中国相比类型较为单一，其主要可分为两个大类：茶室和茶庭。在茶室当中，“草庵茶室”颇有代表性的一种茶室建筑，其几乎是遍布日本各地。其次，在日本茶文化中，他们往往将茶庭称之为“露地”，寓意人们进入茶庭之后，应当放下内心的一切私欲和污浊，全心全意地感悟茶文化与禅文化的魅力。<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
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text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%;”>2.日本茶文化的文化底蕴<o:p></o:p></h3><p class=“MsoNormal” align=“justify” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;
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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>对于日本而言，其茶文化的文化底蕴可以“一言以蔽之”：禅宗。禅宗文化是日本茶文化的基础，随着日本茶文化的不断演进，禅宗文化也成为了日本茶文化的最终目的。在两宋时期，许多日本僧侣来到中国取经，他们认同并赞赏中国的“禅茶文化”，这些僧侣在回到日本之后，开始致力于将“禅茶文化”与日本的本土文化相结合起来，试图建立一种别致的日本茶文化。经过了不懈的努力，这些日本僧侣最终成功地建立了日本的茶文化中的禅宗文化并将其发扬光大。在日本茶文化的革命中，武野绍欧、村田珠光以及千利休三人作出了巨大贡献，他们提出了“禅茶一味”的重要思想，认为“茶道”即是“禅道”，“禅道”亦是“茶道”，主张在修行的过程中品茶，在品茶的过程中提高修为，这些思想主张在后续日本茶文化的发展中被逐渐发扬光大。<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
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mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;”><!–[if !supportLists]–>3. <!–[endif]–>日本茶文化的思想内涵探析<o:p></o:p></h3><p class=“MsoNormal” align=“justify” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;
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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>对于日本茶文化而言，其思想内涵同样可以用四个字来概括，其分别是“和、敬、清、寂”（四规），各自代表着不同的含义。其中，“和敬”而字是基于人与人、人与社会之间的关系而提出的，寓意社会和谐安定、人与人之间相互平等、尊重。“清寂”则更加倾向于对“饮茶环境”的“软性规定”，饮茶的环境应当清幽、雅静，这有助于饮茶者“清心寡欲、修身养性”。<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
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line-height:150%;”>4.日本茶文化的传承方式<o:p></o:p></h3><p class=“MsoNormal” align=“justify” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;
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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>日本茶文化的传承与中国有着很大区别。日本的茶文化严格遵守他们的“家元制度”。所谓家元制度，其是指在日本的传统文化技艺中，只有创始这种技术的创始人的嫡系后代，有资格获得这种传统技术并将其进行传承。由于日本茶文化中的这种规定，日本茶文化的传承往往较为封闭，其传承方式也远不如中国那般多样化。<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
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mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;”><!–[if !supportLists]–>4. <!–[endif]–>日本茶文化对于民俗文化的影响<o:p></o:p></h3><p class=“MsoNormal” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;
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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>相比于中国丰富的以茶为主题的民俗文化，日本的以茶为主题的民俗文化则相对单一。日本属于单一民族国家，因此以茶为主题的民俗文化活动远不如中国单一。日本的茶文化活动大多为主、客人之间的煮茶、品茶。但值得注意的是，时至今日，茶文化在日本的文化组成中已经具有不容忽视的地位，日本茶文化地位的提升与其历史发展有关。由于古代日本思想文化远不如中国繁荣，为此，日本社会的上层人士便以茶文化为契机，试图修炼、主导国民心性，因而茶文化在日本民众心中逐渐成为一种“高洁”、“高雅”的文化，同时他们也希望能够在品茶过程中磨练心性，提高审美和道德修养。 <o:p></o:p><p class=“MsoNormal” align=“justify” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;
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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>三、总结<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:‘Times New Roman’;line-height:150%;
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</w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]–><p class=“MsoNormal” style=“margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:24.0000pt;
mso-char-indent-count:2.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;
line-height:150%;”><span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:‘Times New Roman’;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”>综上，茶文化是日本文化的重要组分。本文从物质载体、文化底蕴、思想内涵、传承方式以及对民俗文化的影响对日本茶文化进行了评述。日本茶文化虽然起源于中国，但是在长期的发展过程中，在“表现形式”上已经与中国茶文化存在一定差异，同时逐渐形成了自身的特色。物质载体、传承方式以及民俗文化均是茶文化的重要表现形式之一，日本的茶文化在表现形式上具有程序繁琐、过程严谨的特征，这也是日本民族文化的另一种侧面印证。往深层次看，日本茶文化的文化底蕴、思想内涵与中国茶文化之间存在着“剪不断”的联系，中日二者的茶文化均追求一种恬淡、宁静、淡泊而又悠远的情趣。在这其中，中国茶文化推崇中庸之道，倡导人们互敬互爱、淡泊朴实；日本茶文化则强调清心寡欲，修身养性。当然，日本茶文化的文化底蕴、思想内涵与中国茶文化如此相似，其重要原因之一即是中国文化对于日本文化潜移默化的影响。<span style=“mso-spacerun:‘yes’;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:‘Times New Roman’;line-height:150%;
font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;”><o:p></o:p>

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